What type of supernova is SDSS-II SN 13267 and what kind of star exploded?
Astrophysics & Progenitor
SDSS-II SN 13267 is classified as a Type II supernova, consistent with core collapse of a massive star that retained hydrogen in its outer envelope. Typical progenitor mass ranges quoted for the class are model expectations, not a measured mass for this star.
What was the progenitor star doing in the millions of years leading up to SDSS-II SN 13267?
Astrophysics & Progenitor
The specific progenitor of SDSS-II SN 13267 has not been observed. Events of this spectroscopic class are generally associated with massive-star core collapse after successive nuclear burning stages (hydrogen → helium → carbon → neon → oxygen → silicon → iron). Typical lifetimes of such progenitors are tens of millions of years, but that is a class expectation—not a measured age or evolutionary track for this star. No pre-explosion imaging identification is cited in the available record for SDSS-II SN 13267.
How far away is SDSS-II SN 13267 from Earth and how old is the light reaching us?
Cosmic Distance & Time
SDSS-II SN 13267 has a luminosity distance of approximately 912.2 Million Light-Years (redshift z = 0.060452, d_L = 279.692). Under a flat ΛCDM cosmology (H₀≈70 km/s/Mpc, Ωₘ≈0.3), the corresponding lookback time is ≈809 Myr — when the light set out 808.7 million years ago during the Neoproterozoic, hundreds of millions of years before complex animal life diversified. Luminosity distance is larger than the light-travel distance because cosmic expansion stretches the path; the two must not be equated.
What does the cosmological redshift of SDSS-II SN 13267 tell us about the expansion of space?
Cosmic Distance & Time
SDSS-II SN 13267 exhibits a measured spectroscopic redshift of z = 0.0605. The cockpit reports a user-facing recession velocity of 17,576.2 km/s, computed as the redshift Doppler-equivalent v = c·((1+z)²−1)/((1+z)²+1). Cosmological redshift is not generally equivalent to special-relativistic motion through space; this number is a convenient velocity label for z, not a measured peculiar velocity and not supernova ejecta speed. Bare c·z (≈18,123 km/s) is a different low-z approximation and is not mixed here.
How bright did SDSS-II SN 13267 become at its peak, and how many Suns does that equal?
Explosion Energetics
At peak brightness, SDSS-II SN 13267 achieved an apparent magnitude of 20.1 around 2006/09/23. Corrected for cosmic distance and foreground interstellar dust, its intrinsic absolute magnitude was -17.0697. At this peak, the exploding star radiated with the incandescent brilliance of approximately 575.3 million Suns combined, briefly outshining the cumulative starlight of entire dwarf galaxies!
How much total energy was released by SDSS-II SN 13267, and where did that energy go?
Explosion Energetics
Core-collapse events of this broad class are often discussed with a ~10⁵³ erg gravitational binding energy of which ~99% may escape as neutrinos—again a class scale, not a measured budget for SDSS-II SN 13267.
How fast are the supernova ejecta and shockwave of SDSS-II SN 13267 expanding through space?
Explosion Energetics
Spectroscopic line blueshifts imply an ejecta velocity of approximately 17,576 km/s (~5.9% of c) for SDSS-II SN 13267. This is distinct from cosmological recession velocity inferred from redshift.
What powers the prolonged glow of SDSS-II SN 13267 weeks and months after detonation?
Radioactive Engine
Classified core-collapse light curves are often sustained after peak by radioactive ⁵⁶Ni → ⁵⁶Co → ⁵⁶Fe decay, with typical nickel yields of order 0.05–0.15 solar masses—again a class scale, not a measured yield for SDSS-II SN 13267. Shock-breakout heating may dominate the earliest optical flash; without a published bolometric fit, neither nickel mass nor the dominant power source is established for this event.
What chemical elements did SDSS-II SN 13267 create and disperse into the universe?
Nucleosynthesis & Elements
Events of SDSS-II SN 13267's broad spectroscopic class are discussed in galactic chemical evolution as sources of oxygen-group and intermediate-mass elements (and, for some channels, iron-peak material). No measured elemental yields are published for SDSS-II SN 13267.
Did SDSS-II SN 13267 leave behind a black hole, a neutron star, or nothing at all?
Cosmic Remnant
A core-collapse explosion associated with SDSS-II SN 13267's class forges an ultra-dense compact stellar remnant at the center of the detonation. If the progenitor had an initial mass under ~20 solar masses, it left behind a neutron star (pulsar)—packing the mass of our entire Sun into a city-sized sphere barely 20 kilometers wide, spinning dozens or hundreds of times per second. If the progenitor exceeded ~25–30 solar masses, gravity overcame neutron degeneracy pressure, creating a permanent stellar-mass black hole.
What will SDSS-II SN 13267's explosion site look like in 1,000 to 10,000 years?
Cosmic Remnant
Supernova remnants in general evolve through free-expansion, Sedov–Taylor, and radiative phases over centuries to millennia, sometimes becoming bright X-ray shells and occasionally compressing nearby molecular clouds. These are standard remnant-evolution models, not forecasts measured for SDSS-II SN 13267. Whether this site will trigger star formation, reach particular X-ray temperatures, or match Cassiopeia A depends on local density and magnetic field—none of which are constrained by the data shown here.
In which galaxy did SDSS-II SN 13267 explode, and where is it located relative to the galactic center?
Galactic Environment
SDSS-II SN 13267 is associated with cataloged host SDSS J20004.88+010205.0 at an angular/physical offset of 0.39″ (0.91 kpc) from the reported galactic center. That offset places the transient in the host's projected light distribution; it does not by itself prove which stellar population produced the progenitor.
Where is SDSS-II SN 13267 located in the night sky and which constellation is it in?
Sky Coordinates
In the celestial sphere, SDSS-II SN 13267 is located at Right Ascension 02:00:04.872 and Declination +01:02:05.172, situated in the constellation Cetus (The Sea Monster). Because its declination is +01:02:05.172, it is primarily placed in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
How much Milky Way interstellar dust obscures our view of SDSS-II SN 13267?
Interstellar Dust
Along this line of sight, the catalog records a Milky Way foreground color excess of E(B−V) = 0.0226 mag (source: published extinction estimate), corresponding to roughly A_V ≈ 0.07 mag for R_V = 3.1. Band-specific corrections (e.g. A_r) differ from A_V and should be applied when available. Map-based values (IRSA / Schlafly & Finkbeiner 2011) must not be claimed unless that map was actually queried.
Across which photometric filter bands was SDSS-II SN 13267 monitored?
Astronomical Observations
No calibrated photometry is published for SDSS-II SN 13267. Without multi-epoch flux measurements, neither a light curve nor a peak magnitude can be established. Follow-up imaging from survey alert streams would be required to map its brightness evolution.
What did astronomical spectroscopy reveal about SDSS-II SN 13267's chemical makeup?
Astronomical Observations
No spectrum has been published for SDSS-II SN 13267. Without spectroscopy, its chemical composition, expansion velocity, and physical classification cannot be established. Classification spectra from follow-up observatories would be required to identify diagnostic absorption and emission lines.
Who discovered SDSS-II SN 13267 and how was it first detected?
Discovery & History
SDSS-II SN 13267 was officially reported on — by an automated robotic transient sky survey. Discoveries are typically flagged by high-cadence robotic survey telescopes (such as ATLAS, ZTF, Pan-STARRS, ASAS-SN, or Gaia) and worldwide amateur astronomers scanning the night sky, followed by rapid spectroscopic classification by international observatories.
How many scientific publications and observatories have contributed data to SDSS-II SN 13267?
Scientific Research
Data for SDSS-II SN 13267 are compiled from international astronomical notices, the IAU Transient Name Server (TNS), and peer-reviewed astrophysical journals.
How does SDSS-II SN 13267 contribute to measuring the Hubble Constant and the scale of the cosmos?
Cosmology & Distance Ladder
As a core-collapse supernova, SDSS-II SN 13267 provides independent cosmological distance calibrations via the Expanding Photosphere Method (EPM) and the Standard Candle Method for Type II supernovae (SCM-II). By correlating the physical expansion speed of the photosphere (measured via spectroscopic Doppler shifts) with its photometric color temperature, astronomers determine direct geometric distances independent of secondary distance ladders.
Could gravitational waves or neutrinos from SDSS-II SN 13267 be detected on Earth?
Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Core-collapse supernovae like SDSS-II SN 13267 are premier targets for multi-messenger astrophysics! During the collapse of the iron core, an intense burst of 10⁵⁸ neutrinos escaped into space hours before the shock broke out through the stellar surface (as famously seen in SN 1987A). Furthermore, violent core asymmetries and non-axisymmetric core bounce can emit high-frequency gravitational waves detectable by advanced interferometers (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA) for events within the Milky Way and Local Group.
How does SDSS-II SN 13267 compare to famous historical supernovae like SN 1987A or the Crab Supernova?
Historical Comparison
Compared to historical landmarks like SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud (168,000 light-years away, naked-eye peak m = 2.9) or the Crab Supernova of 1054 (6,500 light-years away), SDSS-II SN 13267 occurred at a distance of 912.2 Million Light-Years. While historical naked-eye supernovae occurred within our Milky Way or its immediate satellites, modern discoveries like SDSS-II SN 13267 allow astrophysicists to probe diverse galactic environments, metallicities, and stellar populations across the broader universe.
Can I see SDSS-II SN 13267 tonight with a backyard telescope or binoculars?
Backyard Observation
Unknown — no measured brightness. SDSS-II SN 13267 was discovered None days ago (—), but no calibrated photometry is published for it, so its current apparent magnitude cannot be stated. Without a magnitude there is no basis for a telescope-aperture recommendation. Use the coordinates and airmass chart above to plan a follow-up observation and report what you measure.
Does the radiation or shockwave from SDSS-II SN 13267 pose any threat to Earth?
Planetary Safety
No, Earth is in zero danger. Supernovae are violent events emitting powerful gamma rays, X-rays, and cosmic rays; however, the astrophysical 'lethal kill zone' for our planet's protective ozone layer is estimated at 50 to 100 light-years. At a distance of 912.2 Million Light-Years, the inverse-square law dilutes the radiation by quintillions of times, making SDSS-II SN 13267 completely harmless to our biosphere and purely a fascinating spectacle for human exploration.
