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Type FRB Supernova

The Story of Supernova FRB20220331B

An extraordinary stellar explosion that occurred Millions of Light-Years away in deep space.

⏱️ ~6 min deep read 🔬 24 Astrophysical Q&As 🔭 Viewing Guide Included 🪐 Constellation Camelopardalis
🔭 Deep Field (~2.1′ FOV) · DSS2 Optical (China-VO mirror)
● FRB20220331B Explosion Site

High-magnification deep optical view into FRB20220331B's host environment. Pan and scroll to explore the cosmic neighborhood where this star exploded.

⚡ Quick Observer Facts & Telemetry

IAU Transients DB
🌐 Distance to Earth
Millions of Light-Years
Lookback Cosmic Time
✨ Peak Brightness
Mag —
Research Scope
☀️ Peak Radiance
Hundreds of Millions of Suns
Combined Stellar Energy
🚀 Shock Velocity
Not measured
No spectral ejecta velocity
🌌 Host Galaxy
Field Transient Host
Center Coincident
🧭 Constellation
Camelopardalis
The Giraffe
💥 Explosion Physics
Type FRB
Core-Collapse Supergiant
📅 Discovered On
2022/03/31
CHIME/FRB Collaboration
CHAPTER I

A Core-Collapse Class Transient

On 2022/03/31, astronomers scanning the heavens flagged a sudden, violent pinpoint of light that had flared into visibility. Designated FRB20220331B, it represents a catastrophic stellar explosion classified as a Type FRB supernova.

FRB20220331B is classified in a core-collapse spectroscopic family. Events of this class are generally linked to the death of a massive star after successive nuclear burning stages, but no unique progenitor mass, lifetime, or pre-explosion identification is established for this object. The narrative of onion-shell fusion ending in iron-core collapse describes the class model, not a measured biography of FRB20220331B.

Astrophysical Mechanism Summary
Type: Type FRB • Progenitor: Massive Red/Stripped Supergiant Star • Velocity: Not measured
CHAPTER II

A Message Across Deep Cosmic Time

FRB20220331B has a luminosity distance of approximately Millions of Light-Years . Lookback time is unavailable without a usable redshift; do not equate luminosity distance with travel time.

Luminosity distance incorporates cosmic expansion and exceeds the light-travel distance. The two quantities must be reported separately.

CHAPTER III

Brightness Record

No calibrated peak magnitude is published for FRB20220331B, so neither its apparent brightness nor an equivalent solar luminosity can be stated.

The total energy released by the cataclysm was on the order of 10⁵¹ to 10⁵³ ergs. Over 99% of this energy was emitted within the first 10 seconds as a dense burst of trillions of neutrinos, with only 1% driving the visible blast wave.

CHAPTER IV

The Radioactive Furnace: Why Supernovae Glow for Months

After peak, many supernovae are powered by the radioactive chain ⁵⁶Ni → ⁵⁶Co → ⁵⁶Fe. That is the standard model for Type FRB light curves; an object-specific nickel mass for FRB20220331B is not published here.

Nickel-56 decays to Cobalt-56 (half-life ≈6.1 days), then to stable Iron-56 (half-life ≈77.2 days), heating the ejecta from within. Typical class yields must not be quoted as measured values for this event.

CHAPTER V

Cosmic Kiln: Seeding the Elements of Life

Supernovae enrich galaxies with heavy elements. Events of FRB20220331B's class are associated with oxygen-group and intermediate-mass products (O, C, Ne, Mg, Si) in galactic chemical-evolution models. No measured elemental yields are published for FRB20220331B.

As Carl Sagan observed, "We are made of star-stuff" — a statement about nucleosynthesis in general, not a claim that atoms from this specific remnant are identified in the Solar System.

CHAPTER VI

Galactic Setting in Camelopardalis

No host galaxy is identified for FRB20220331B in this catalog record . In our terrestrial sky, it resides in the constellation Camelopardalis (The Giraffe) at Right Ascension 05:02:52.800 and Declination +58:14:24.00.

CHAPTER VII

The Scientific Surveillance Campaign

Following its discovery by CHIME/FRB Collaboration, observatories worldwide swung their lenses toward FRB20220331B. In the Open Supernova Catalog, FRB20220331B is documented across 0 photometric measurements and 0 spectroscopic epochs. These multi-wavelength observations allow astrophysicists to model the expanding photosphere, measure shock velocities, and probe circumstellar interactions.

CHAPTER VIII

Stargazer's Field Guide: Can You See It Tonight?

Can I see it tonight? Unknown — no measured brightness.

Discovered 4.6 years ago (2022/03/31). No reliable current brightness estimate — no photometry has been published.

Planetary Safety Note: Even though FRB20220331B was a titanic explosion, our planet sits safely outside the lethal 50–100 light-year kill zone. At a distance of Millions of Light-Years, the blast poses zero physical hazard to Earth's biosphere.

🌌 Cosmic Neighbors & Contemporaries 105,768+ transients indexed

Cataloged transients closest to FRB20220331B in discovery time, spatial sky neighborhood, and cosmological redshift:

⏱️ Closest in Time
AT2022fnj Exploded same day
Type Candidate 2022/03/31 · Mag 18.9
AT2022fnn Exploded same day
Type Candidate 2022/03/31 · Mag 18.5
AT2022fnk Exploded same day
Type Candidate 2022/03/31 · Mag 18.6
🔭 Closest on the Sky
AT2022ckg 12.0′ away
Type Candidate Discovered 2022/02/12
FRB20230119A 23.4′ away
Type FRB Discovered 2023/01/19
AT2021dtk 28.9′ away
Type Candidate Discovered 2021/02/15
🌌 Same Cosmic Era (Redshift)
No redshift match available (target z missing or no comparable redshifts in index).

❓ Frequently Asked Questions About FRB20220331B

Scientific & observational Q&As indexed from astronomical databases & the Open Supernova Catalog
🔍 24 of 24
What type of supernova is FRB20220331B and what kind of star exploded? Astrophysics & Progenitor
FRB20220331B is cataloged as a Type FRB transient. Mechanism-specific claims (progenitor mass, nickel yield, remnant type) require more than this label and are not asserted here as object-specific measurements.
What was the progenitor star doing in the millions of years leading up to FRB20220331B? Astrophysics & Progenitor
The specific progenitor of FRB20220331B has not been observed. Events of this spectroscopic class are generally associated with massive-star core collapse after successive nuclear burning stages (hydrogen → helium → carbon → neon → oxygen → silicon → iron). Typical lifetimes of such progenitors are tens of millions of years, but that is a class expectation—not a measured age or evolutionary track for this star. No pre-explosion imaging identification is cited in the available record for FRB20220331B.
How far away is FRB20220331B from Earth and how old is the light reaching us? Cosmic Distance & Time
The distance to FRB20220331B has not been measured. No spectroscopic redshift or luminosity distance is published for this transient, so neither its distance from Earth nor its lookback time can be stated. A redshift requires a spectrum, and a photometric redshift requires multi-band imaging that has not been reported. Without a distance, its intrinsic luminosity and total energy release are also undetermined. Check the sources below for follow-up spectroscopy or host-galaxy identification.
What does the cosmological redshift of FRB20220331B tell us about the expansion of space? Cosmic Distance & Time
No spectroscopic redshift has been measured for FRB20220331B. Without a published z, its place in the Hubble flow, recession velocity, and lookback time cannot be stated. A redshift requires a spectrum (or a well-calibrated photometric redshift from multi-band imaging). Check the sources below for follow-up spectroscopy.
How bright did FRB20220331B become at its peak, and how many Suns does that equal? Explosion Energetics
The peak brightness of FRB20220331B is not recorded. No peak apparent magnitude and no calibrated photometry are published for this transient, so neither its apparent brightness nor its intrinsic luminosity can be stated. Any figure quoted here would be an estimate from a template rather than a measurement of this object. Follow-up photometry would establish the light curve and the peak.
How much total energy was released by FRB20220331B, and where did that energy go? Explosion Energetics
Core-collapse events of this broad class are often discussed with a ~10⁵³ erg gravitational binding energy of which ~99% may escape as neutrinos—again a class scale, not a measured budget for FRB20220331B.
How fast are the supernova ejecta and shockwave of FRB20220331B expanding through space? Explosion Energetics
No ejecta velocity is measured for FRB20220331B. Blast-wave speed is obtained from Doppler shifts of spectral absorption features (e.g. Si II λ6355 for Type Ia), not from cosmological redshift. Any recession velocity derived from z describes Hubble flow, not the explosion debris.
What powers the prolonged glow of FRB20220331B weeks and months after detonation? Radioactive Engine
Classified core-collapse light curves are often sustained after peak by radioactive ⁵⁶Ni → ⁵⁶Co → ⁵⁶Fe decay, with typical nickel yields of order 0.05–0.15 solar masses—again a class scale, not a measured yield for FRB20220331B. Shock-breakout heating may dominate the earliest optical flash; without a published bolometric fit, neither nickel mass nor the dominant power source is established for this event.
What chemical elements did FRB20220331B create and disperse into the universe? Nucleosynthesis & Elements
The nucleosynthetic products of FRB20220331B are unknown because its type is unresolved. Element yields depend directly on the explosion mechanism: a thermonuclear Type Ia produces mostly iron-peak elements such as 56Ni and 56Fe, whereas a core-collapse event produces large quantities of oxygen, neon, magnesium and silicon from successive burning shells. No spectrum has been published for this transient, so which of these occurred is not established.
Did FRB20220331B leave behind a black hole, a neutron star, or nothing at all? Cosmic Remnant
A core-collapse explosion associated with FRB20220331B's class forges an ultra-dense compact stellar remnant at the center of the detonation. If the progenitor had an initial mass under ~20 solar masses, it left behind a neutron star (pulsar)—packing the mass of our entire Sun into a city-sized sphere barely 20 kilometers wide, spinning dozens or hundreds of times per second. If the progenitor exceeded ~25–30 solar masses, gravity overcame neutron degeneracy pressure, creating a permanent stellar-mass black hole.
What will FRB20220331B's explosion site look like in 1,000 to 10,000 years? Cosmic Remnant
Supernova remnants in general evolve through free-expansion, Sedov–Taylor, and radiative phases over centuries to millennia, sometimes becoming bright X-ray shells and occasionally compressing nearby molecular clouds. These are standard remnant-evolution models, not forecasts measured for FRB20220331B. Whether this site will trigger star formation, reach particular X-ray temperatures, or match Cassiopeia A depends on local density and magnetic field—none of which are constrained by the data shown here.
In which galaxy did FRB20220331B explode, and where is it located relative to the galactic center? Galactic Environment
No host galaxy is identified for FRB20220331B in this catalog record. A blank host field means the association is unresolved here—it does not establish that the host is uncataloged, resolved in imaging, or securely linked by astrometry. Possible states (unidentified, hostless candidate, imaging detection without a catalog name, or a securely matched cataloged galaxy) require separate evidence that is not present in this field.
Where is FRB20220331B located in the night sky and which constellation is it in? Sky Coordinates
In the celestial sphere, FRB20220331B is located at Right Ascension 05:02:52.800 and Declination +58:14:24.00, situated in the constellation Camelopardalis (The Giraffe). Because its declination is +58:14:24.00, it is primarily placed in the Northern celestial hemisphere.
How much Milky Way interstellar dust obscures our view of FRB20220331B? Interstellar Dust
Along this line of sight, the catalog records a Milky Way foreground color excess of E(B−V) = 0.1635 mag (source: Analytical Galactic Disk Model (IAU)), corresponding to roughly A_V ≈ 0.51 mag for R_V = 3.1. Band-specific corrections (e.g. A_r) differ from A_V and should be applied when available. Map-based values (IRSA / Schlafly & Finkbeiner 2011) must not be claimed unless that map was actually queried.
Across which photometric filter bands was FRB20220331B monitored? Astronomical Observations
No calibrated photometry is published for FRB20220331B. Without multi-epoch flux measurements, neither a light curve nor a peak magnitude can be established. Follow-up imaging from survey alert streams would be required to map its brightness evolution.
What did astronomical spectroscopy reveal about FRB20220331B's chemical makeup? Astronomical Observations
No spectrum has been published for FRB20220331B. Without spectroscopy, its chemical composition, expansion velocity, and physical classification cannot be established. Classification spectra from follow-up observatories would be required to identify diagnostic absorption and emission lines.
Who discovered FRB20220331B and how was it first detected? Discovery & History
FRB20220331B was officially reported on 2022/03/31 by CHIME/FRB Collaboration. Discoveries are typically flagged by high-cadence robotic survey telescopes (such as ATLAS, ZTF, Pan-STARRS, ASAS-SN, or Gaia) and worldwide amateur astronomers scanning the night sky, followed by rapid spectroscopic classification by international observatories.
How many scientific publications and observatories have contributed data to FRB20220331B? Scientific Research
Data for FRB20220331B are compiled from international astronomical notices, the IAU Transient Name Server (TNS), and peer-reviewed astrophysical journals.
What other names and survey identifiers exist for FRB20220331B? Cross-Identifications
Throughout global alert streams and survey databases, FRB20220331B has also been designated as: 20220331B, chimefrb_218819458. These cross-matched identifiers allow astronomers to cross-reference observations across the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), Pan-STARRS, Gaia Photometric Science Alerts, and the IAU Transient Name Server (TNS).
How does FRB20220331B contribute to measuring the Hubble Constant and the scale of the cosmos? Cosmology & Distance Ladder
FRB20220331B cannot currently be used for cosmological distance work because its classification is unresolved. The distance ladder relies on type-specific techniques: Type Ia supernovae use the Phillips relation between peak absolute magnitude and decline rate, while Type II events use the Expanding Photosphere Method or SCM-II. An unclassified transient fits neither, so no Hubble-constant constraint can be derived from it until a spectrum establishes its type.
Could gravitational waves or neutrinos from FRB20220331B be detected on Earth? Multi-Messenger Astronomy
No neutrino or gravitational-wave counterpart has been reported for FRB20220331B, and none is expected to be identifiable without a classification. The multi-messenger signature differs sharply by type: core-collapse events emit a neutrino burst at shock breakout (detected once, for SN 1987A), while thermonuclear Type Ia events produce negligible neutrinos and gravitational waves. Searching for a counterpart before knowing which mechanism applies would be unfocused.
How does FRB20220331B compare to famous historical supernovae like SN 1987A or the Crab Supernova? Historical Comparison
Compared to historical landmarks like SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud (168,000 light-years away, naked-eye peak m = 2.9) or the Crab Supernova of 1054 (6,500 light-years away), the distance to FRB20220331B is not measured, so no such comparison can be drawn. While historical naked-eye supernovae occurred within our Milky Way or its immediate satellites, modern discoveries like FRB20220331B allow astrophysicists to probe diverse galactic environments, metallicities, and stellar populations across the broader universe.
Can I see FRB20220331B tonight with a backyard telescope or binoculars? Backyard Observation
Unknown — no measured brightness. FRB20220331B was discovered 1679 days ago (2022/03/31), but no calibrated photometry is published for it, so its current apparent magnitude cannot be stated. Without a magnitude there is no basis for a telescope-aperture recommendation. Use the coordinates and airmass chart above to plan a follow-up observation and report what you measure.
Does the radiation or shockwave from FRB20220331B pose any threat to Earth? Planetary Safety
Earth is in no danger from FRB20220331B. The astrophysical 'lethal kill zone' for a supernova to damage our ozone layer is roughly 50 to 100 light-years. This transient is far outside the solar neighbourhood: it was discovered by a wide-field survey at a magnitude only reachable for an extragalactic object, and any transient in our own galaxy within that radius would have appeared far brighter than the ~18th magnitude reported here. Its exact distance is unmeasured, but the detection brightness alone rules out any nearby threat.
Data sourced from IAU TNS, ALeRCE, WISeREP, and the Open Supernova Catalog. View All General Astrophysics FAQs →
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